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Formative influence of Swami Vivekananda in Subhash Chandra Bose: a biographical study

Formative influence of Swami Vivekananda in Subhash Chandra Bose: A biographical study

For Singh ABNISH

(Department of English, University Mahaveer Teerthankaras,

Moradabad, UP, India)

Email: abnishsinghchauhan@gmail.com

Subhash Chandra Bose (1897-1945), the dominant figure, of course, along with Gandhi, better known as Netaji, was born in Cuttack Orissa, January 23 1897, in a well-known and well Kayastha family. It was the sixty of the fourteen children of Janakinath Bose, an eminent lawyer, and Prabhavati and descendants of the Boses of Mahinagar. He grew up in Cuttack, where he had his school education. Subhash was admitted Bapist Mission School in Cuttack in 1902, and when I was in fourth class, joined the Ravenshaw Collegiate School, Cuttack and remained there until 1913. Here he learned Bengali and got the highest marks in the field. He was a student Smart and his command of English was excellent. He was greatly influenced by their Head Teacher, Beni Madhav Das who learned social, economic and political thoughts ideas. It was during this period said Subhash towards the works of Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902) to accept: "I was barely fifteen when Vivekananda entered my life, and then came a revolution in and everything was to turn upside down. "1

As Subhash approached the end of his career in school the religious impulse began to grow in intensity. Because their study could not fully focus on spirituality. As the years rolled on, Subhash grew and more thoughts and education of Swami Vivekananda. The time came and sat for the Matriculation examination in March 1913 and took second place in whole university. His parents were delighted and it was full front to Calcutta for further studies. Later he joined the Presidency College, Calacatta. Introduced for mid-term review in 1915 and placed in the first division. He then joined the Premiere College of Calcutta University for his BA Honours in Philosophy. As take philosophy as its main theme, was deeply influenced by Swami Vivekananda and Aurobindo by Ghose, the most popular leader of Bengal in spite of his voluntary exile and the absence of policy since 1909, during his student days. In the College, was active in the students union and was a member of a group dedicated primarily to services social and the objective of a synthesis between religion and nationalism, a sort of group of neo-Vivekananda.

In January 1916, organized a successful strike Subhash in college against the misconduct of a teacher of English. He was expelled from the university. After losing academic year, was finally allowed to study in the Church of Scotland College in July 1917 and got first class in philosophy, but was second in order of merit in the examination of BA in 1919. He decided study psychology for examination, MA. He could not continue his studies and his father decided to send to England to study for the Indian Civil Service. Thus, sailed to England on September 15, 1919 to the study of the Civil Service. He was admitted to the Cambridge course and passed the ICS examination in September 1920. But he was an ardent nationalist and not want to serve the British. A fervent patriotic spirit Subhash Bose ultimately forced him to resign for the sake ICS of the nation. Before resigning, he corresponded with his father, his brother and CR Das. On April 22, 1921, which withdrew from the IC was the day of destination, a crucial turning point in his life. He hurried back to India to take its place in the national struggle that was then in full swing. Came to Bombay on July 16, 1921 and the same afternoon had a long meeting with Gandhi at Mani Bhavan. Mahatma greeted him with smiles and friendly conversation feature began at a time. Subhash desired to obtain a clear understanding of the details of their plans. He was not satisfied with the answers to Gandhiji. In his view, "no there was a deplorable lack of clarity in the plan that the Mahatma had made and that he himself had no clear idea of the successive stages of the campaign that would bring India to the cherished goal of freedom "2 Gandhiji advised to meet with Deshbandhu CR Das to reach Calcutta. Subhash had written to CR Das in Cambridge who had resigned from the ICS and decided to devote all his time to political work. Subhash Bose met before the man had a long and cordial conversation with him and later became CR Das Guru in politics. Subhash Says:

During the course of our conversation I began to feel that here was a man who knew what was about – That could give everything I had and could demand from others what they could give – a youth who was not a short-coming but a virtue. At the time of our conversation came to an end my mind was made up. I felt I had found a leader and he wanted to continue him.3

Subhash Bose returned to Calcutta to join the movement for freedom also meant coming home and family. He had denied any interest in getting married and having her own family. Once again, he followed his mentor spiritual Vivekananda, Swami. He stayed with his elder brother Sarat and his family. Subhash was also very close to CRDas and his wife Basanti Devi, who saw him as their own son. Do not enter politics as a volunteer unknown. It was a familiar figure from his college days until his resignation from the ICS Thus, he was given three assignments by CR Das. The first allocation of Bose in Congress was the office of Director of National College, and she also made him the head of the Publicity Committee of Congress and the Head of National Volunteer Corps. Das was given the responsibility to maintain contact with the revolutionaries. Some of his fellows were, naturally, did not like to give responsibility so important for a newcomer like Subhash Chandra Bose. But he did not care for them CRDas and expressed its firm belief in Subhash, saying: "I can see through people. Bose never deny my expectations. He will be the right man to do justice to the work "4

Subhash participated actively in non-cooperation of the Congress Party. These activities included the boycott of European products and institutions, with Charkha spinning, writing, the Punjab and Khilafat wrongs promotion of communal harmony between Hindus and Muslims. All these activities aimed at achieving closer Swaraj. Hartal in Calacatta In the November 17, 1921, organized by Congress in protest against the visit of the Prince of Wales, showed his organizational skills, and the Civil Disobedience Movement started at the time he was nominated CR Das as one of his successors for leadership of the movement. This was the first test drive of Subhash Bose came out with flying colors and is justified by his leadership, trust and the faith placed in him. Hartal After November, the government moved to suppress the movement of non-cooperation. On December 20, 1921, and were Subhash Das arrested and sentenced to six months in prison. Subhash began his first prison near CR Das.

The period of the next few years was like a hurricane of Bose, to say the least. He became the Secretary General of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee and began to attend all Committee meetings India's Congress in different parts of India. He was appointed chief executive by the mayor of Calcutta Corporation, CRDas in 1924. He was arrested in October 1924 when he was CEO of Corporation of Calcutta for his alleged involvement with terrorism. He was released from Mandalay prison Barma and was detained there for years. During personal experiments and prison policy, he became bold throughout the period. This was the time when he was in prison in Burma, his mentor CR Das political past away on June 16, 1925. After the death of Subhash Das requested the guidance of Mrs. Das. He praised her as a mother of Bengal.

Subhash was released from prison in Burma in May, 1927, and conducted his political activities until the beginning of 1932. Subhash was now a major Indian National Congress leader. He differs with older leaders about the goal of Dominion status. He stood up to complete independence. During this period, was appointed to the Motilal Nehru Committee drafting the Constitution Swaraj. At the Congress session in Calcutta in 1928, Bose, together with Jawaharlal Nehru, fought the domain transfer status, as the purpose of Congress. Bose invited severe police assault on him while leading a procession of congressmen in Calcutta on October 26, 1913 against the repeated warnings from the government. He was the mayor of Calcutta Corporation at that time. During Gandhi's visit to England as the sole Congress delegate to the Second Round Table Conference, Subhash resigned the Presidency of Bengal Congress Committee. After a while, soma, Subhash was arrested again on 3 January 1931. He was arrested in the same prison in Senoi in central provinces where his brother Sarat Chandra Bose stood. Subhash had suffered serious health problems during his incarceration Mandalay provinces. Now again, symptoms of TB to reach the surface. Government made an offer to Subhash could go to Europe for treatment for personal expenses. He sailed for Europe on February 23, 1933 in Bombay. On reaching Europe, Subhash Bose in one of his letters to his nephew Asoka Bose noted that "outside India, all Indians is the official ambassador of India. "5 It was out of India for full three years from March 1933 to March 1936 and then again for two months in 1937-38. In Europe, established centers in European capitals deferens to promote political and cultural relations between India and Europe.

Returning home, he found with the Government to form the Congress Provinces. He took part in it. The day of glory came in his life when he was elected as President, fifty to series Haripur Congress in Session on February 19, 1938. He was re-elected the President of Congress next year in Session Tripuri defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya, a person designated by Ghandhiji. This election was significant in that it was a choice of ideologies. Pattabhi represented the right wing of Congress, while Subhash Bose who represented the leftist extremists were also called. In addition, he was convinced that war would break out within six months and required Congress should give an ultimatum to the British and, if the ultimatum was rejected across the country should be involved in the fight for Purna Swaraj. But Congress not approve the proposal and therefore resigned as president of Congress and established in Forward Bloc Congress. The Second World War broke out on September 3, 1939 with Hitler invades Poland, true to the prophecy of Subhash Bose. On March 19, 1940, was convened against the transaction Conference at Ramgarh under the joint auspices of Forward Bloc and Kisan Sabha, which required a global struggle against the British. Bose was arrested on July 2, 1940. He remained first in the Presidency Jail, and then in consideration of his health, he had to stay home, arrest at his residence Elegin road. From there, he went undercover in the last week January 1941. What it does in Europe and South-East Asia is now a recorded history.

After escaping from his residence, Subhash Bose, in his thesis entitled Forward Bloc – its rationale, explained the rationale and the agenda of the Forward Bloc, which is written during his stay in Kabul after his escape from India in January 1941. He wrote: "When the mainstream of a movement begins to stagnate, but there is vitality in the movement as a whole – a wing of the always appears left. The main function of the left is to stimulate progress when there is danger of his arresyts be. "6

In addition, stressed and again in the unity of action. Forward Bloc became the symbol of the unity of the left for him. In the words of Bose, for the future Block, and in the case of left "refers to the uncompromising struggle to achieve national independence, and fight for the post, it stands to socialist reconstruction." 7

Subhash Bose arrived in Berlin during the first week of April 1941. Its aim was to obtain support from outside for the independence of India. At that time, Germany, Italy and Japan formed a group called Axis Powers. Among them, Germany was the most powerful nation, and Hitler was the man whose support would be crucial to Bose. That was the reason he had gone to Germany to fill from outside the struggle at home. He negotiated the alliance with Germany and Japan, saying "the enemy of our enemy is our friend. "To continue the fight on a large scale, November 2, 1941, the Azad Hind Sangh held its first official meeting in Berlin. The eye of the needle before him was the way to free his country from slavery. Suffice it to say that he was a dynamic being who has boundless energy. He was also a talented organizer, brave and blessed with the power to think clearly. It is actually written by one of his aides that Bose "native had a power lead, and he knew that" 8. Was endowed with many talents colors. It could take a flash decision. He wanted the Hindus and Muslims should extend their cooperation in the sphere of national policy. If you get better understanding between the two major religious communities our battle for freedom would win more decisively and more quickly. So in order to make contact with the masses of India, established "The Azad Hind Radio" on February 19, 1942. Their regular broadcasts aroused Berlin tremendous enthusiasm in India. In 1943, he founded the Indian National Army with the ideal of free India by the pressure from outside and create discontent among the Indian armed personnel captured and abandoned during the war.

Moreover, the works of Subhash Chandra Bose – The struggle of the Indians and a pilgrim Indian, also lit the spirit of patriotism among Indians. The Indian Struggle, first published in London on January 17, 1935, is the comprehensive volume single most important work of Netaji. The book is divided into two parts. The first is the narrative of Netaji in the Indian struggle from 1920 to 1942. The second is a collection of writings, speeches and other documentary materials covering the decade that ended with the Closing Movement of India. In the preparation of this autobiography, Emilie helped Schenkle Subhas Bose. Later, Subhash Schenkle married and had a daughter, Anita. An Indian pilgrim is the autobiography until his Netaji Cambridge days in 1921. It also contains a collection of his letters from his childhood, adolescence and youth, ending with the one he wrote the day he resigned Indian Civil Service. His works also inspired many to improve India.

So was his spirit that moves hearts and minds of the Indians So do the people of another nation as was done by Swami Vivekananda. He was tireless. He had the idea that 'awake, stand up and not stop until reaching the goal. " Following this ideology of Swamiji, he left for Southeast Asia. Therefore, of Germany made a dangerous journey of three months in a submarine and arrived in Singapore on July 2, 1943. On landing in Japan, Subhash Bose was received by the local government, as well as Rash Behari Bose. Two days later, on July 4 took over Rash Behari Bose the leadership of the Independence Movement of India in East Asia and organized the Indian National Army and became its supreme commander. In his own speech Subhash Chandra Bose has announced its intentions to organize the Provisional Government of Free India. Bose gave the slogan "Chalo Delhi – from March to Delhi" Tojo Japanese PM 0.9 was invited to attend a special review of the INA. Bose renamed the Azad Hind Faujas INA and urged a total mobilization for total war. Government proclaimed Interim Azad Hind on October 21, 1943. It was hailed as Netaji by the Army, as well as civil indigenous people in East Asia. Now it was time for the Azad Hind Government to declare war against the British in the battlefield. Thus, the battles were fought. The Andaman and Nicobar islands were released in November 1943 and renamed "Shaheed" Swaraj islands. The Azad Hind Faujas crossed the border into Burma and set native soil, which is India, March 18 1944. How brave army then advanced to Kohima and Imphal, the degree of freedom the Indian flag was hoisted at the top there to the deafening screams of "Jai Post 'and' Netaji Zindabad 'and how the atomic bombs forced Japan to surrender and the INA, then to withdraw all events are important in the life of SCBose, as well as in history. Netaji was killed in a plane crash in Taipei. There are, however, no proof. Only Colonel Habibur Rahman had left an eyewitness account of the accident. On August 20, 1945, Netaji's body was taken to the crematorium Taipei and was cremated. The ashes are kept in an urn in the chapel attached to the hospital. On September 5, 1945, Rahman and an officer Colonel Colonel Saki Japanese traveled to Tokyo along with the ashes of Netaji. The ashes were transferred to a Buddhist temple – the Temple Renkoji. They have remained there since. On the other hand, the people of India does not believe that Subhash was dead. The stories about his comeback continued to circulate. As a result of public pressure the Government of India had held two official investigations – Nawaj Shah Committee in 1956 and the Khosla Commission in 1974, but were unsuccessful. Netaji's efforts were not in vain. It was through his effort and sacrifice, India gained freedom after some time. In fact, Netaji is immortal. He gave his life in defense of honor and glory of his country and always remains fully alive in the hearts of the nation from becoming a source of inspiration and courage of many people throughout the world. And this was undoubtedly the result of the formative influence of Swami Vivekananda in it. .

REFERENCES:

[1] SRBakshi. Subhash Chandra Bose: Founder of the INA. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. 1991. 2.

[] Subhash Chandra Bose 2. The struggle of the Indians from 1920 to 1942. Market: Asia publishing House. 1964. 78.

[3] SRBakshi. Subhash Chandra Bose: Founder of the INA op.cit. 53.

[4] SRBakshi Subhash Chandra Bose: Founder of the INA. Op.cit. 6.

[5] Asoka Nath Bose. My Uncle Netaji, Calcutta: Publications ESEM. 1977. 63.

[6] SCBose. The struggle of the Indians from 1920 to 1942. Op.cit. 395.

[7] SCBose. The struggle of the Indians 1920-4. Op.cit. 412.

[8] M. Shivram. The road to Delhi, Tokyo: Charles Tuttle. 1967. pp. 123-24.

[9] Dilip Kumar Roy. Subhash who I knew. Bombay: Nalanda Publications. 1946. 28.

About the author

Abnish Singh Chauhan (DOB- June, 1979), is Asstt. Professor, Deptt of English,Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad (U.P.), India. He has been teaching English and Communication Skills to both Undergraduate and Post graduate students for the last 10 years. His areas of academic and research interest include British literature, Indian English Literature, Indian fiction in English Translation, Contemporary Hindi Fiction, Contemporary Hindi Poetry and Communication Skills. Being an avid student of literature and language, he has been writing critiques and editing a reputed Hindi magazine Naye-Purane. Apart from writing books entitled Swami Vivekananda: Select Speeches, William Shakespeare: king lear (A Critical Study), Speeches of Swami Vivekananda and Subhash Chandra Bose: A Comparative Study, Functional Skills in English Language and Literature and A Study of Social Values in Arun Joshi’s Fiction (in press), I have regularly contributed research papers, book reviews, articles and interviews with eminent Hindi poets in prestigious journals, magazines and newspapers. At present he is busy editing Naye-Purane’s next issue- Dr Budhinath Mishra ki Rachnadharmita (A Renowned Hindi Poet-Lyricist). Some of his books are distributed by printisasia.com (New York), marelibri.com (France, Italy and Neetherland) dkagencies.com etc.In 2009, he was given an award – B.S.S. Sahitya Sadhak Samman from A.B.S.K.M. for my contribution to literature.

Published Books:

1. Speeches of Swami Vivekananda and Subhash Chandra Bose: A Comparative Study. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 2006

2. Functional Skills in English Language and Literature. Ayodhya: Bhavadiya Prakashan, 2006.

3. William Shakespeare: King Lear (A Critical Study). Ayodhya: Bhavadiya Prakashan, 2005.

4. Swami Vivekananda: Select Speeches. Bareilly: Prakash Book Depot, 2004.

Book under Preparation:

1. A Study of Social Values in Arun Joshi’s Fiction.

Course Material Prepared:

(Books- According to the latest syllabus of R.M.L.Awadh University, Faizabad, U.P., India)

1. A Passage to India: A Critical Study. Ayodhya: Bhavadiya Prakashan, 2006. (Co-author)

2. Vijay Tendulkar’s Silence! The Court is in Session (A Critical Study). Ayodhya:

Bhavadiya Prakashan, 2005. (Co-author)

3. A Quintessence of English Prose. Ayodhya: Bhavadiya Prakashan, 2005. (Co-author)

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